upporting details
Ideas are like rabbits. You get a couple and learn how to handle
them, and pretty soon you have a dozen.
J. Steinbeck
What Are Supporting Details
It isn’t possible, or necessary, to remember every piece of information you read in a textbook chapter. Knowing how to identify the main ideas and supporting details will help you to evaluate what are the most important points in a reading assignment. Additionally, being able to differentiate between major and minor details is a very useful skill as you study your college textbooks and prepare for exams. Details are:
· Specific pieces of information that help you to make sense of what you are reading.
· Usually presented as facts, opinions, examples, illustrations, explanations, or definitions.
· Frequently discovered by asking questions such as Who? What? In what manner? How? or Why? about the main idea.
Major details provide support to the main idea in a reading.
Knowing how to locate main ideas, and major and minor supporting details, is the foundation to successful college textbook reading.
CHAPTER OPENER: MAKING DETAILS FIT
Goal
To help students, especially those with a kinesthetic preference for learning, understand how ideas fit together in a logical way.
dIRECTIONS
Make enough copies of the material on page 83 that you have one for each group of three students. Cut each copy along the lines so the sentences are separate (8 in all), mix them up, and place each set in a separate envelope.
1. Pass out one envelope to each group, and ask the group’s members to assemble a logical paragraph using the sentences it contains. Do not tell them that there is one extra sentence strip that doesn’t belong in the paragraph; it supports nothing and isn’t relevant. Have them figure it out, and discover other things about details, by asking the following five questions:
1. What is the topic?
(antacids)
2. Which sentence is the main idea?
(There are several reasons why the best antacid on the market is Nanosin.)
3. How do you know which sentence is the main idea?
(All of the other sentences are reasons that explain why Nanosin is the best.)
4. Which sentence doesn't make sense?
(Brute force, no matter how strongly applied, can never subdue the basic desire for freedom and dignity.)
5. Why doesn’t this sentence make sense?
(This sentence has nothing to do with the main idea, the reasons why Nanocin is the best
antacid on the market. It also doesn’t support any of the other details.)
Here is an example of the intact paragraph:
If you suffer from persistent heartburn for two or more days a week, even though you’ve taken medication and changed your diet, Nanosin, the stronger antacid, will help you. There are several reasons why Nanosin is the best antacid on the market. Nanosin works twice as fast as any other antacid. All of its ingredients are natural. One daily dose provides complete resolution of heartburn symptoms. Nanocin has none of the side effects you often experience with other antacids. Not only is Nanosin less expensive compared to other brands, but order now and you will receive one additional bottle free.
details chapter opener material
______________________________________________________________________________
There are several reasons why Nanosin is the best antacid on the market.
______________________________________________________________________________
If you suffer from persistent heartburn for two or more days a week, even though you’ve taken medication and changed your diet, Nanosin, the stronger antacid, will help you.
______________________________________________________________________________
Nanosin works twice as fast as any other antacid.
______________________________________________________________________________
All of its ingredients are natural.
______________________________________________________________________________
Once daily dose provides complete resolution of heartburn symptoms.
______________________________________________________________________________
Nanocin has none of the side effects you often experience with other antacids.
______________________________________________________________________________
Not only is Nanosin less expensive compared to other brands, but order now and you will receive one additional bottle free.
______________________________________________________________________________
Brute force, no matter how strongly applied, can never subdue the basic desire for freedom and dignity.
______________________________________________________________________________
supplemental exercises
There are three supplemental exercises for this chapter. Information about each is provided on this page and the related material follows on separate pages that you can print out for use with your students.
Exercise 6-1: Details and Test-Taking (Student material on page 87)
Directions
Have students complete the test on page 00. Tell them the information was not covered in class, but you want to see how good they are at figuring out the right answers. Ask them to read the directions but don’t give them any other instructions or clues.
The directions instruct students to read the entiretest first. Test item 3f reads: “Do not follow any of the directions above this line. Do not make any mark on this test. Any mark on this exam page will result in a failing grade. Erasures will be considered marks on this test and will also result in a failing grade.”
If students read the entire test, including the part f in test item 3, they will answer the test correctly. Those who skip this detail, because they did not read and follow the directions, will really get the point of the importance of details.
Exercise 6-2: Details and Outlines (Student material on pages 88-90)
Directions
Ask students to read the selection on pages 88-89 and then fill in the missing details of the outline that follows (page 90).
Answers are in blue below
Socialization and the Life Course
I. The Life Course
A. Different rites
1. Kota People, paint themselves blue, the color of death, to symbolize the death of their childhood.
2. Mexican Americans girls go on a daylong retreat and then dance all night.
3. In the Soboa ceremony, Egyptian mothers welcome their week old babies by stepping over them seven times.
4. When Hispanic girls celebrate the Quinceanera ceremony at age 15 it means they have reached womanhood.
5. Naval Academy Seniors celebrate graduation by throwing their
hats in the air.
6. Specific ceremonies mark stages of development.
7. Biological changes mold but do not dictate human behavior.
B. Personal Biography
1. Each individual is influenced by events both in the family and in the
larger society.
2. The timing of events depends on such factors as one’s gender,
economic background, where one lives, and when one was born.
3. Sociologists and social scientists have moved away from identifying
specific life stages.
4. 25% of students attending 4-year colleges are 25 or older.
5. Researchers are reluctant to offer sweeping generalizations about
stages of life.
C. Later Years of Life
1. Assessing one’s accomplishments, coping with declining physical
abilities, experiencing retirement, and facing death may lead to painful
adjustments.
2. However, many older people continue to lead active, productive, and
fulfilled lives.
II. ANTICIPATORY SOCIALIZATION AND RESOCIALIZATION
Exercise 6-3: Mind Maps from Personal Interviews (Student material on pages 91-92)
Directions
Have each student interview one other student using the list of questions on page 00. (Notice that the questions are not in order so your students will have to make relationships between the answers.) Then, have students create a mind map with the information they collected. The interviewee’s name should be at the top or center of the mind map, as that is the topic. Each student should be able to create at least two levels of details building out from the interviewee’s name. Levels need not be labeled. Here is a partial example:
wants to work Sarah in mental health field 
(level 1)
plays soccer (level 1) |
wants to be a psychiatrist
(level 2)
|
plays center and sometimes
goalie (level 2)
specializing in women’s issues (level 3)
chapter six: test (6-1)
Name: ______________________
Directions: Before you start, read the test through once carefully to make sure you understand all of the directions.
Multiple Choice: Although more than one answer may be correct, select the best answer.
1. South Dakota was admitted to the Union as the
a. 4th state
b. 14th state
c. 40th state
d. 49th state
2. The order of mammals known as Chiroptera includes members, commonly termed bats, which 1. have wings and fly; 2. possess a pseudocolelom; 3. will not die when infected with rabies; and 4. feed largely on gemmules. Which of the above four statement(s) is (are) correct?
a. only 3
b. only 4
c. both 1 and 3
d. both 2 and 4
e. all corrected but 1
3. Follow Directions:
a. Circle every word in the directions at the beginning that starts with the letter “a.”
b. Underline two nouns in the above directions.
c. Count and write down the number of three-letter words in directions b, e, and f.
d. Cross out all commas in the first two lines of the directions paragraph.
e. Fill in the centers of all the “o’s” in the third line of the first paragraph of this test.
f. Do not follow any of the direction above this line. DO not make any mark on this test. Any mark on this exam page will result in a failing grade. Erasures will be considered marks on this test and will also result in a failing grade.
chapter six: reading for exercise 6-2
Socialization and the Life Course
The Life Course
Adolescents among the Kota people of the Congo in Africa paint themselves blue, Mexican American girls go on a daylong religious retreat before dancing the night away, Egyptian mothers step over their newborn infants seven times, students in the Naval Academy throw hats in the air. These are all ways of celebrating rites of passage, a means of dramatizing and validating changes in a person’s status. The Kota rite marks the passage to adulthood. The color blue, viewed as the color of death, symbolizes the death of childhood. Hispanic girls celebrate reaching womanhood with a Quinceanera ceremony at age 15. In the Cuban American community of Miami, the popularity of the quinceanera supports a network of party planners, caterers, dress designers, and the Miss Quinceanera Latina pagent. For thousands years, Egyptian mothers have welcomed their newborns to the world in the Soboa ceremony by stepping over the seven-day-old infant seven times. The Naval Academy seniors celebrate their graduation from college by hurling their hats skyward.
These specific ceremonies mark stages of development in the life course. They indicate that the socialization process continues throughout all stages of the human life cycle. Sociologists and other scientists use the life-course approach in recognition that biological changes mold but do not dictate human behavior from birth until death.
Personal Biography
In the culture of the United States, each individual has a “personal biography” that is influenced by events both in the family and in the larger society. While the completion of religious confirmations, school graduations, marriage, and parenthood can all be regarded as rites of passage in our society, people do not necessarily experience them at the same time. The timing of these events depends on such factors as one’s gender, economic background, where one lives (central city, suburb, or rural area), and even when one was born.
Sociologists and other social scientists have moved away from identifying specific life stages that we are all expected to pass through at some point. Indeed, people today are much less likely to follow an “orderly” progression of life events (leaving school, then obtaining their first job, then getting married) than they were in the past. For example, in 1997, 25 percent of students attending four-year colleges in the United States were 25 years or older. Some of these students undoubtedly started college after beginning a first job and after marrying. With such changes in mind, researchers are increasingly reluctant to offer sweeping generalizations about stages in the life course.
Later Years of Life
We encounter some of the most difficult socialization challenges (and rites of passage) in the later years of life. Assessing one’s accomplishments, coping with declining physical abilities, experiencing retirement, and facing the inevitability of death my lead to painful adjustments. Old age is further complicated by the negative way that may societies, including the United States, view and treat the elderly. The common stereotypes of the elderly as helpless and dependent may well weaken an older person’s self-image. However, as we will explore more fully, many older people continue to lead active, productive, fulfilled lives – whether within the paid labor force or as retirees.
Anticipatory Socialization and Resocialization
The development of a social self is literally a lifelong transformation that begins in the crib and continues as one prepares for death.
Source: Schaefer, R. (2002). Sociology: A Brief Introduction. McGraw Hill: Boston. P. 89
chapter six: exercise 6-2
Socialization and the Life Course
I. The Life Course
A. Different rites
1. Kota People, paint themselves ______ the ________________, to symbolize_____________________________________________.
2. ____________________ go on a daylong retreat and then _______ all night.
3. In the ________ ceremony, Egyptian mothers welcome their week old babies by __________________________________________.
4. When Hispanic girls celebrate the Quinceanera ceremony at age ___ it means they ______________________________________.
5. Naval Academy Seniors celebrate _____________ by __________
_____________________________________________________.
6. Specific ceremonies mark ________________________________.
7. Biological changes _______ but do not _____________________
____________________________________________________.
B. Personal Biography
1. _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________.
2. The timing of events depends on ____________________________
_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
3. Sociologists and ___________________ have moved away from
identifying _____________________________.
4. 25% of students attending 4-year colleges are ____________.
5. Researchers are reluctant to offer _______________________.
C. _____________________________
1. Assessing ______________________, ______________________
________________, _________________________________, and
______________________________ may lead to ______________
_________________________________________________________________
2. However, many older people continue to _____________________
______________________________________________________.
II. ___________________________________________________________________________
chapter six: exercise 6-3
interview questions
1. What is your major?
2. How many brothers and sisters do you have?
3. What profession do you want to pursue?
4. How many children do you have?
5. Why did you pick your major?
6. Have you ever volunteered for anything? What?
7. If there were one thing you could change about your college experience, what would it be?
8. Are you going to pursue a career where you work with others on teams or where you
work mostly independently?
9. Are you good in math?
10. What’s your favorite book?
11. Did you go to your high school prom?
12. Do you play any sports?
13. What’s your favorite kind of car?
14. Do you have a boyfriend/girlfriend/husband/wife?
15. Where do you fall in the line up of your siblings? First born? In the middle? Last?
16. What position do you play in your best sport?
17. What job do you have now?
18. What’s your favorite movie?
19. What’s your favorite subject in school?
20. Do you have a big family or a small one?
21. Did salary play a big part in your career choice?
chapter six: exercise 6-3
interview questions (continued)
22. Where did you go on your first date ever?
23. What year of school is this for you? Freshman? Sophomore?
24. Do you read any journals or magazines regularly? Which ones?
25. What do you like to do in your spare time?
26. What is one of your best memories from childhood?
27. Why did you come to college?
supplemental vocabulary quiz
Answers for Crossword Puzzle
Chapter six vocabulary QUIZ
Across
4 in the manner of a father dealing benevolently
5 people who have special knowledge or skill in a field
8 strong forward movement
10 having no apparent limit or end
11 death
12 person who organizes and manages an enterprise
Down
1 repeated or habitual relapse
2 to stare at stupidly
3 reparation made by giving an equivalent or compensation for loss
6 to excite
7 withered; shriveled
9 not restrained
Chapter six: mind map for cherokee women
(Exercise 6C, #4, p. 188)
from whom traders purchased items
 |
Cherokee Women
fields
property house
agricultural produce |  |
corn pumpkins
squash sunflowers
beans
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