Fallacies
TFY C9. Fallacies: What's a Faulty Argument?
Chapter Summary
Chapter Nine Fallacies
This chapter will teach you about the names and meanings of nine fallacies. Fallacies may be accidental or intentional; many are amusing, all are manipulative; each sidesteps the work of constructing a fair and well-reasoned argument. Multiple examples and exercises will teach you how to recognize a number of basic fallacies and understand why they are fallacious. The chapter concludes with an excerpt for your analysis of Richard Nixon’s famous “Checkers” speech.
| | Chapter 9 | | | Appeal to Bandwagon | This fallacy seeks to persuade by appealing to the wisdom of the momentum of a popular opinion. | | Appeal to False Authority | This fallacy seeks to persuade by citing fake, questionable, or inappropriate authority. | | Appeal to Fear | This fallacy seeks to persuade by arousing fear that clouds rationality. | | Appeal to Pity | This fallacy seeks to persuade by arousing pity. | | Circular Reasoning | This fallacy assumes what it is supposed to prove by reasserting the conclusion, sometimes in different words, as though this conclusion needed no supporting reasons. | | Fallacy | A fallacy is a deceptive invalid argument that can may appear valid. | | Personal Attack | This fallacy attacks a person’s character without addressing the issue at hand. | | Pointing to Another Wrong | This fallacy distracts attention from an admitted wrongdoing by claiming that similar actions went unnoticed and unpunished. | | Poisoning the Well | This fallacy seeks to prejudice others against a person, group or idea so that their arguments will not be heard and judged on their own merits. | | Red Herring | This fallacy distracts attention away from the lack of proof for a claim by raising irrelevant issues. | | Straw man | This fallacy misrepresents or caricatures an opponent’s position, then refutes the false replica created.
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